Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Geary N[original query] |
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Supporting healthy weight in statewide Quality Rating and Improvement Systems: A review of 2020 standards and comparison to 2015 standards
Hall K , Geary N , Warnock AL , Dooyema C . Child Obes 2022 Background: Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRISs) are used to assess, improve, and communicate quality in early care and education (ECE) programs. One strategy for supporting healthy growth in early childhood is embedding nutrition, physical activity, infant feeding, and screen time content into state QRIS standards, using the Caring for Our Children high-impact obesity prevention standards (HIOPS) and the CDC Spectrum of Opportunities framework (CDC Spectrum). We assessed the number of obesity prevention standards in QRISs in 2020 and compared results to an analysis published in 2015. Methods: We collected state QRIS standards for ECE centers from March to April 2020. Two analysts coded documents for standards related to 47 HIOPS and 6 Spectrum areas. Results: Thirty-nine states and the District of Columbia had statewide QRISs in early 2020. Of these, 21 QRISs (53%) embedded 1 or more HIOPS, and 26 (65%) embedded 1 or more Spectrum components. On average, 6.9% of HIOPS were embedded in QRIS standards in 2020, an increase from 4.6% in 2015. Nine QRISs included more HIOPS in 2020 than in 2015. Five QRISs added 10% or more of the 47 HIOPS between 2015 and 2020. Physical activity and screen time standards continued to be most often included; infant feeding standards were least included. Conclusion: Obesity prevention components were embedded in three-quarters of state QRISs, and more were embedded in 2020 than in 2015, suggesting that QRISs can be levers for supporting healthy weight in ECE settings. |
Investigating flubendazole as an anthelmintic treatment for Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis): Clinical trials in laboratory-reared ferrets and domestic dogs in Chad
Cleveland CA , Garrett KB , Box EK , Thompson AT , Haynes EK , Elder DL , Richards RL , Majewska AA , Guagliardo SAJ , Wiegand RE , Bryan Ii JA , Torres-Velez F , Unterwegner K , Romero M , Zirimwabagabo H , Sidouin M , Oaukou PT , Ada MM , Ngandolo BNR , Mackenzie CD , Geary TG , Weiss AJ , Yabsley MJ . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 106 (5) 1456-65 Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm [GW]), a zoonotic nematode targeted for eradication, has been managed using interventions aimed at humans; however, increases in domestic dog GW infections highlight the need for novel approaches. We conducted two clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of subcutaneously injected flubendazole (FBZ) as a treatment of GW infection. The first trial was conducted administering FBZ to experimentally infected ferrets; the second trial involved administering FBZ or a placebo to domestic dogs in the Republic of Tchad (Chad). We found contrasting results between the two trials. When adult gravid female GW were recovered from ferrets treated with FBZ, larvae presented in poor condition, with low to no motility, and an inability to infect copepods. Histopathology results indicated a disruption to morulae development within uteri of worms from treated animals. Results from the trial in Chadian dogs failed to indicate significant treatment of or prevention against GW infection. However, the difference in treatment intervals (1 month for ferrets and 6 months for dogs) or the timing of treatment (ferrets were treated later in the GW life-cycle than dogs) could explain different responses to the subcutaneous FBZ injections. Both trials provided valuable data guiding the use of FBZ in future trials (such as decreasing treatment intervals or increasing the dose of FBZ in dogs to increase exposure), and highlighted important lessons learned during the implementation of a field-based, double-blinded randomized control trial in Chadian dogs. |
A healthy start: National trends in child care regulations and uptake of obesity prevention standards (2010-2018)
Warnock AL , Dooyema C , Blanck HM , Lee SH , Hall K , Geary N , Galuska DA . Child Obes 2021 17 (3) 176-184 Background: Obesity remains a significant public health issue in the United States. Each week, millions of infants and children are cared for in early care and education (ECE) programs, making it an important setting for building healthy habits. Since 2010, 39 states promulgated licensing regulations impacting infant feeding, nutrition, physical activity, or screen time practices. We assessed trends in ECE regulations across all 50 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.) and hypothesized that states included more obesity prevention standards over time. Methods: We analyzed published ratings of state licensing regulations (2010-2018) and describe trends in uptake of 47 high-impact standards derived from Caring for Our Children's, Preventing Childhood Obesity special collection. National trends are described by (1) care type (Centers, Large Care Homes, and Small Care Homes); (2) state and U.S. region; and (3) most and least supported standards. Results: Center regulations included the most obesity prevention standards (∼13% in 2010 vs. ∼29% in 2018) compared with other care types, and infant feeding and nutrition standards were most often included, while physical activity and screen time were least supported. Some states saw significant improvements in uptake, with six states and D.C. having a 30%-point increase 2010-2018. Conclusions: Nationally, there were consistent increases in the percentage of obesity prevention standards included in ECE licensing regulations. Future studies may examine facilitators and barriers to the uptake of obesity prevention standards and identify pathways by which public health and health care professionals can act as a resource and promote obesity prevention in ECE. |
Employing Molecular Phylodynamic Methods to Identify and Forecast HIV Transmission Clusters in Public Health Settings: A Qualitative Study.
Rich SN , Richards VL , Mavian CN , Switzer WM , Rife Magalis B , Poschman K , Geary S , Broadway SE , Bennett SB , Blanton J , Leitner T , Boatwright JL , Stetten NE , Cook RL , Spencer EC , Salemi M , Prosperi M . Viruses 2020 12 (9) Molecular HIV surveillance is a promising public health strategy for curbing the HIV epidemic. Clustering technologies used by health departments to date are limited in their ability to infer/forecast cluster growth trajectories. Resolution of the spatiotemporal dynamics of clusters, through phylodynamic and phylogeographic modelling, is one potential strategy to develop a forecasting tool; however, the projected utility of this approach needs assessment. Prior to incorporating novel phylodynamic-based molecular surveillance tools, we sought to identify possible issues related to their feasibility, acceptability, interpretation, and utility. Qualitative data were collected via focus groups among field experts (n = 17, 52.9% female) using semi-structured, open-ended questions. Data were coded using an iterative process, first through the development of provisional themes and subthemes, followed by independent line-by-line coding by two coders. Most participants routinely used molecular methods for HIV surveillance. All agreed that linking molecular sequences to epidemiological data is important for improving HIV surveillance. We found that, in addition to methodological challenges, a variety of implementation barriers are expected in relation to the uptake of phylodynamic methods for HIV surveillance. The participants identified several opportunities to enhance current methods, as well as increase the usability and utility of promising works-in-progress. |
Rapid Identification and Investigation of an HIV Risk Network Among People Who Inject Drugs -Miami, FL, 2018.
Tookes H , Bartholomew TS , Geary S , Matthias J , Poschman K , Blackmore C , Philip C , Suarez E , Forrest DW , Rodriguez AE , Kolber MA , Knaul F , Colucci L , Spencer E . AIDS Behav 2019 24 (1) 246-256 Prevention of HIV outbreaks among people who inject drugs remains a challenge to ending the HIV epidemic in the United States. The first legal syringe services program (SSP) in Florida implemented routine screening in 2018 leading to the identification of ten anonymous HIV seroconversions. The SSP collaborated with the Department of Health to conduct an epidemiologic investigation. All seven acute HIV seroconversions were linked to care (86% within 30 days) and achieved viral suppression (mean 70 days). Six of the seven individuals are epidemiologically and/or socially linked to at least two other seroconversions. Analysis of the HIV genotypes revealed that two individuals are connected molecularly at 0.5% genetic distance. We identified a risk network with complex transmission dynamics that could not be explained by epidemiological methods or molecular analyses alone. Providing wrap-around services through the SSP, including routine screening, intensive linkage and patient navigation, could be an effective model for achieving viral suppression for people who inject drugs. |
Supporting obesity prevention in statewide quality rating and improvement systems: A review of state standards
Geary NA , Dooyema CA , Reynolds MA . Prev Chronic Dis 2017 14 E129 INTRODUCTION: A quality rating and improvement system (QRIS) is a fundamental component of most states' early care and education infrastructures. States can use a QRIS to set standards that define high-quality care and award child care providers with a quality rating designation based on how well they meet these standards. The objective of this review was to describe the extent to which states' QRIS standards include obesity prevention content. METHODS: We collected publicly available data on states' QRIS standards. We compared states' QRIS standards with 47 high-impact obesity prevention components in Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards; Guidelines for Early Care and Education Programs, 3rd Edition, and 6 additional topics based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Spectrum of Opportunities for Obesity Prevention in the Early Care and Education Setting. RESULTS: Thirty-eight states operated a state-wide QRIS in early 2015. Of those, 27 states' QRIS included obesity prevention standards; 20 states had at least one QRIS standard that aligned with the high-impact obesity prevention components, and 21 states had at least one QRIS standard that aligned with at least one of the 6 additional topics. QRIS standards related to the physical activity high-impact obesity prevention components were the most common, followed by components for screen time, nutrition, and infant feeding. CONCLUSION: The high proportion of states operating a QRIS that included obesity prevention standards, combined with the widespread use of QRISs among states, suggests that a QRIS is a viable way to embed obesity prevention standards into state early care and education systems. |
Running the numbers: Understanding the prevalence of eye and ear injuries in North Carolina
Geary SM , Cox ME , Proescholdbell SK . N C Med J 2017 78 (2) 134-137 Eye and ear injuries range in severity from minor | bruises, scrapes, or scratches to severe trauma | that may cause long-term hearing or vision loss | [1, 2]. The extent of the injury is a direct result of | the force or object that causes it [2]. Corneal abrasion, caused by scratches from small objects, is the | most common injury impacting the eye [1]. Injuries | to the ear can vary from trauma induced injuries | resulting from a fall or blow to the head to injuries | acquired through exposure to noise that often lead | to chronic hearing loss [2]. A large proportion of | injuries sustained to the eye or ear are preventable, | particularly through the use of protective wear | such as eyewear or earplugs |
State legislators' sources and use of information: bridging the gap between research and policy
Dodson EA , Geary NA , Brownson RC . Health Educ Res 2015 30 (6) 840-8 Research can inform policymakers of public health issues and shape policy decisions, hopefully benefiting public health; thus, improving dissemination of research to policymakers is important for developing effective public health policies that improve health and health equity. However, the utilization of research among policymakers is often not fully realized. This study builds upon current knowledge about what types of information legislators seek when working on health issues and where they go for information. Further, it explores what kinds of information legislators find most helpful and if there are ways researchers could better provide this evidence. Key-informant interviews were conducted with 25 U.S. state legislators holding health committee leadership positions between July and November, 2010. Regarding types of information sought, most legislators discussed their desire for data and statistics when working on health-related issues. When asked about their most trusted sources of information, participants mentioned government sources as well as advocacy, lobby and industry groups. A few mentioned universities and healthcare professionals. Results from this study offer public health researchers and practitioners' insights into the types of information that may be most helpful to policymakers. Insights gathered may improve the dissemination of research and bridge the gap between knowledge users and knowledge producers. |
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